L31

A reader can better understand and appreciate the virtues of a hero or condemn the crimes of a tyrant if the history of their...

History, as it is usually written, often focuses only on causes—the events, decisions, and actions of rulers—without examining their effects on ordinary people. Wars,...

The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries were a time of constant warfare across Europe. These wars affected almost the entire Christian world. In many ways,...

The United States diplomatic and consular officials in Turkey receive daily applications for certificates from Armenians who claim to be naturalized U.S. citizens. However,...

When passengers are leaving Constantinople, their luggage is inspected just as thoroughly as when they arrive. Customs officers often demand larger bribes from travelers...

When the steamer drops anchor in Constantinople, the gangplank is quickly surrounded by a loud, wild crowd of boatmen. They yell and grab at...